285 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
285 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
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## git使用笔记
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#### 建立流程
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1. 在github.com里,new repository创建远程仓库
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2. 本地新建文件夹/已存在项目文件夹下
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```
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git init
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```
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3. 关联远程仓库
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```
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git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/gt.git
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```
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4. 将本地仓库推送到远程仓库
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```
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git push -u origin master
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or:
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git push origin master
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```
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或者从远程拉资源到本地
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```
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git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories
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```
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```
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git init
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git add .
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git config --global core.excludesfile .gitignore
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git config --global user.email "douboer@gmail.com"
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git config --global user.name "douboer"
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git rm -r --cached .
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git add .
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```
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#### 修改.gitignore文件 不生效
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原因是.gitignore只能忽略那些原来没有被track的文件,如果某些文件已经被纳入了版本管理中,则修改.gitignore是无效的。那么解决方法就是先把本地缓存删除(改变成未track状态),然后再提交:
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```
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git rm -r --cached .
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git add .
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git commit -m 'update .gitignore'
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```
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```
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> ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "douboer@gmail.com"
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Generating public/private rsa key pair.
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Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\admin/.ssh/id_rsa): yes
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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
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Enter same passphrase again:
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Your identification has been saved in yes.
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Your public key has been saved in yes.pub
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```
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```
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// modify commend
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git commit --amend
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//fatal: remote origin already exists.
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git remote rm origin
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git remote add origin git@github.com:douboer/gt.git
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```
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```
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…or create a new repository on the command line
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echo "# test" >> README.md
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git init
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git add README.md
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git commit -m "first commit"
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git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/gt.git
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git push -u origin master
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```
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```
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…or push an existing repository from the command line
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git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/gt.git
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git push -u origin master
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git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories
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```
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```
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git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/gt.git
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origin相当于远程仓库的一个别名
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可以通过删除
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git remote remove name
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查看该 origin,该命令将列出远程仓库的 URL
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git remote -v
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```
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#### 修改 .gitignore 文件 立即生效
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有时候需要突然修改 .gitignore 文件,随后要立即生效
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```
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git rm -r --cached . #清除缓存
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git add . #重新trace file
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git commit -m "update .gitignore" #提交和注释
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git push origin master #可选,如果需要同步到remote上的话
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```
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#### 查看远程分支
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```
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git branch -a
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```
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#### 查看本地分支
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```
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git branch
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```
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#### 创建分支
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```
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git branch test
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```
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#### 把本地分支推到远程分支
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```
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git push origin test
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```
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#### 切换分支到test
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```
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git checkout <name> 命令可以切换到现有的分支。可以使用 git checkout -b <name>命令创建一个新的分支并立即切换到它。
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```
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#### 删除分支
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```
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git branch -r -d origin/branch-name
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```
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#### 将删除的分支推送到远程,并在远程删除这个分支
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```
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git push origin :branch-name
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```
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#### 添加、提交和推送更改到你的远程仓库
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```
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git remote -v
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git remote add origin <url>
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git remote set-url origin <url>
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```
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#### 几乎每个开发人员都在使用 Git,当然很可能是 GitHub。但大多数开发者大概有 99% 的时间只是使用这三个命令:
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[-](https://linux.cn/article-8841-1.html)
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```
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git add --all = git add . + git add -u
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git add -A = git add . + git add -u
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git add .
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git commit -m "<message>"
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git push origin master
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```
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:warning:
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```
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> git push origin master
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::error: src refspec master does not match any.
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error: failed to push some refs to 'git@github.com:douboer/wisim.git'
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```
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==SOLVE:
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```
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git commit -m "wisim"
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```
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:warning:
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```
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> git add .
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warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in .gitattributes.
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The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
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warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in WiSim.cpp.
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```
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==SOLVE:
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```
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git config --global core.autocrlf false
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```
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- 创建dev分支
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```
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git branch dev
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```
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- 切换到dev分支
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```
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git checkout dev
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```
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- 查看是否切换到dev
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```
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git branch -a
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git branch
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```
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- 本地push到dev分支
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```
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git push origin dev
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```
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- dev分支强制覆盖master分支
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```
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git push origin dev:master -f
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```
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:warning:
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```
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> git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/wisim.git
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fatal: remote origin already exists.
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```
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==SOLVE:
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```
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git remote rm origin
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git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/wisim.git
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```
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:warning:
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```
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> git push origin master
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To https://github.com/douboer/wisim.git
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! [rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward)
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```
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==SOLVE:
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```
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#### 强制覆盖:
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> git push -f
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fatal: The current branch master has no upstream branch.
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To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use
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git push --set-upstream origin master
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> git push --set-upstream origin master
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To https://github.com/douboer/wisim.git
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! [rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward)
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> git push -f --set-upstream origin master
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Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
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```
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:warning:
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```
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> git push origin master
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git: 'credential-cache' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
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Everything up-to-date
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```
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==SOLVE:
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```
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> git config --global credential.helper wincred
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```
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```
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$ git push origin
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```
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*上面命令表示,将当前分支推送到origin主机的对应分支。
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如果当前分支只有一个追踪分支,那么主机名都可以省略。*
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```
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$ git push
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```
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*如果当前分支与多个主机存在追踪关系,那么这个时候-u选项会指定一个默认主机,这样后面就可以不加任何参数使用git push。*
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```
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$ git push -u origin master
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```
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*上面命令将本地的master分支推送到origin主机,同时指定origin为默认主机,后面就可以不加任何参数使用git push了。
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不带任何参数的git push,默认只推送当前分支,这叫做simple方式。此外,还有一种matching方式,会推送所有有对应的远程分支的本地分支。Git 2.0版本之前,默认采用matching方法,现在改为默认采用simple方式。*
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#### 本地已有新项目gplot上传个github
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```
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1. login github, push "new repository" to Create a new repository
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input repository name then save setting
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2. locate project directory
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$ git init
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$ git add .
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$ git commit -m "gplot"
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$ git remote add origin https://github.com/douboer/gplot.git
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$ git push -u origin master
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3. 日常修改上传
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$ git add .
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$ git commit -m "gplot"
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$ git push
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```
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#### 冲突解决
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1. 方案一,强制覆盖本地代码
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把你修改的代码进行备份,然后执行命令:
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git reset --hard origin/master
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git pull
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从你备份好的文件当中把你写的代码拿过去,修改完成再进行git push
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#### 超过100M文件github上传失败问题
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git lfs install
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git lfs track xxx # xxx是大于100M的文件
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